Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Ntchito Zopangira Machining
Popanga gawo, njira zosiyanasiyana zamakina zimafunikira kuti muchotse zinthu zochulukirapo. Ntchitozi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zamakina ndipo zimaphatikizapo zida zodulira, mawilo abrasive, ndi ma discs, ndi zina zotero. Ntchito za Machining zikhoza kuchitidwa pazithunzi za mphero monga mipiringidzo ndi ma flats kapena zikhoza kuchitidwa pazigawo zomwe zinapangidwa ndi njira zopangira kale monga kuponyera kapena kuwotcherera. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa kwa zopangira zowonjezera, makina adadziwika posachedwa kuti ndi njira "yochotsera" kufotokoza momwe amachotsera zinthu kuti apange gawo lomaliza.
Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Ntchito Zopangira Machining
Njira ziwiri zazikulu zopangira makina ndikutembenuza ndi mphero - zomwe zafotokozedwa pansipa. Njira zina nthawi zina zimakhala zofanana ndi izi kapena zimachitidwa ndi zida zodziyimira pawokha. Mwachitsanzo, pobowola, mwachitsanzo, akhoza kuikidwa pa lathe yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito potembenuza kapena kuponyedwa mu makina osindikizira. Panthaŵi ina, kukhoza kupangidwa kusiyana pakati pa kutembenuka, kumene mbaliyo imazungulira, ndi mphero, pamene chida chimazungulira. Izi zasokoneza pang'ono pobwera malo opangira makina ndi malo otembenuzira omwe amatha kugwira ntchito zonse zamakina pawokha pamakina amodzi.
Kutembenuka
Kutembenuza ndi njira yopangira makina opangidwa ndi lathe; lathe imazungulira chogwirira ntchito pamene zida zodulira zimayenda modutsa. Zida zodulira zimagwira ntchito limodzi ndi nkhwangwa ziwiri zoyenda kuti zipange mabala mozama komanso m'lifupi. Lathes amapezeka m'mitundu iwiri yosiyana, yachikhalidwe, yamanja, ndi automated, CNC.Njira yotembenuza imatha kuchitidwa kunja kapena mkati mwa chinthu. Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati, imadziwika kuti "boring" -njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zigawo za tubular. imachitidwa nthawi yoyamba ndi yomaliza ya kutembenuka. Kuyang'ana kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati latheyo ili ndi slide yolumikizidwa. Ankapanga datum pankhope ya kuponyedwa kapena mawonekedwe a stock omwe amakhala ozungulira pa axis yozungulira.
Lathes nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa mitundu itatu yosiyana siyana - ma turret lathes, lathes injini, ndi lathes cholinga chapadera. Ma lathe a injini ndi mtundu wodziwika kwambiri womwe umapezeka pogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makina ambiri kapena hobbyist. Turret Lathes ndi zida zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zomwe zimafunikira kupanga mobwerezabwereza magawo. Turret lathe imakhala ndi chida chomwe chimathandiza makinawo kuchita ntchito zingapo zodulira motsatizana popanda kusokonezedwa ndi woyendetsa. Zopangira zida zapadera zimaphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, zopangira ma disc ndi ng'oma, zomwe garaja yamagalimoto ingagwiritse ntchito kukonzanso mawonekedwe a mabuleki.
Malo otembenuzira mphero a CNC amaphatikiza mitu ndi mchira wa zingwe zachikhalidwe zokhala ndi nkhwangwa zowonjezera zopota kuti athe kukonza bwino magawo omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira (mwachitsanzo, zoyika pampu) kuphatikiza kuthekera kwa wodula mphero kuti apange zinthu zovuta. Ma curve ovuta amatha kupangidwa pozungulira chogwirira ntchito kudzera mu arc pomwe chodula mphero chikuyenda m'njira ina, njira yotchedwa 5 axis Machining.
Kubowola/Kutopetsa/Kubweza
Kubowola kumapanga mabowo a cylindrical m'zinthu zolimba pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zobowola-ndi imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri zopangira makina chifukwa mabowo omwe amapangidwa nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuti athandize kusonkhana. Makina obowola amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri koma ma bits amathanso kudulidwa mu lathes. M'ntchito zambiri zopangira, kubowola ndi gawo loyamba popanga mabowo omalizidwa, omwe amakhomedwa pambuyo pake, amasinthidwanso, otopa, ndi zina zotero kuti apange mabowo opangidwa ndi ulusi kapena kubweretsa miyeso ya mabowo mkati mwa kulolera kovomerezeka. Mabowo obowola nthawi zambiri amadula mabowo akulu kuposa kukula kwake ndi mabowo omwe sali owongoka kapena ozungulira chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa kachidutswa kakang'ono komanso chizolowezi chake chotenga njira yosakanizika pang'ono. Pazifukwa izi, kubowola nthawi zambiri kumatchulidwa kucheperako ndikutsatiridwa ndi makina ena omwe amachotsa dzenjelo mpaka kumapeto kwake.
Ngakhale kubowola ndi kutayirira nthawi zambiri kumasokonezeka, kutayirira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera miyeso ndi kulondola kwa dzenje lobowola. Makina otopetsa amabwera mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi kukula kwa ntchitoyo. Mphero yoyima yotopetsa imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makina akulu kwambiri, olemetsa pomwe ntchitoyo imatembenuka pomwe chida chotopetsa chimayima. Mphero zowongoka zopingasa ndi ma jig borers amagwira ntchito mokhazikika ndikuzungulira chida chodulira. Kutopetsa kumachitidwanso pa lathe kapena m'malo opangira makina. Wodula wotopetsa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo imodzi kuti agwire mbali ya dzenje, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chidacho chizigwira ntchito molimba kuposa kubowola. Mabowo okhala ndi zingwe muma castings nthawi zambiri amamalizidwa ndikutopetsa.
Kugaya
Kugaya kumagwiritsa ntchito zodula zozungulira kuchotsa zinthu, mosiyana ndi kutembenuza komwe chida sichimazungulira. Makina opangira mphero amasiku ano amakhala ndi matebulo osunthika pomwe zomangirazo zimayikidwapo. Pamakinawa, zida zodulira sizimayima ndipo tebulo limasuntha zinthuzo kuti mabala omwe akufuna apangidwe. Mitundu ina yamakina amphero imakhala ndi tebulo ndi zida zodulira ngati zida zosunthika.
Ntchito ziwiri zazikulu za mphero ndi mphero ndi mphero. Mphero ya slab imagwiritsa ntchito m'mphepete mwa chodulira mphero kupanga mabala ozungulira pamwamba pa chogwirira ntchito. Makiyi omwe ali muzitsulo amatha kudulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chodula chofanana ngakhale chocheperako kuposa chodula wamba. Odula nkhope m'malo mwake amagwiritsa ntchito mapeto a chodulira mphero. Ocheka apadera amapezeka pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, monga ocheka mphuno za mpira omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito popera matumba opindika.
Zina mwazinthu zomwe makina ophera amatha kuchita ndi monga kupanga, kudula, kukwapula, kuwongolera, kumiza, ndi zina zotero, kupanga makina opherayo kukhala chimodzi mwa zida zosinthika kwambiri mu shopu yamakina.
Pali mitundu inayi yamakina a mphero - makina ophera m'manja, makina ogayira wamba, makina amphero onse, ndi makina opangira mphero - ndipo amakhala ndi odula opingasa kapena odulira omwe amaikidwa pa axis ofukula. Monga zimayembekezeredwa, makina opangira mphero onse amalola zida zodulira zowongoka komanso zopingasa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwamakina ovuta kwambiri komanso osinthika omwe alipo.
Mofanana ndi malo otembenuza, makina opangira mphero omwe amatha kupanga maulendo angapo popanda kulowetsedwa ndi ogwiritsira ntchito ndizofala ndipo nthawi zambiri amangotchedwa vertical and horizontal Machining centers. Amakhala ndi CNC nthawi zonse.
