Pali mitundu iwiri ya miyala ya titaniyamu padziko lapansi, imodzi ndi rutile ndipo inayo ndi ilmenite. Rutile kwenikweni ndi mchere wangwiro wokhala ndi titanium dioxide yoposa 90%, ndipo zomwe zili mu chitsulo ndi carbon mu ilmenite zimakhala theka ndi theka.
Pakali pano, njira mafakitale kukonzekera titaniyamu ndi m'malo maatomu mpweya titaniyamu woipa ndi chlorine mpweya kuti titaniyamu kolorayidi, ndiyeno ntchito magnesium monga kuchepetsa wothandizila kuchepetsa titaniyamu. Titaniyamu yopangidwa motere ndi ngati siponji, yomwe imatchedwanso siponji titaniyamu.
Siponji ya titaniyamu imatha kupangidwa kukhala ma titaniyamu ndi mbale za titaniyamu kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'mafakitale pambuyo pa njira ziwiri zosungunulira. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale zomwe zili mu titaniyamu zili pachisanu ndi chinayi padziko lapansi, kukonza ndi kuyenga kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, chifukwa chake mtengo wake ndiwokwera.
Pakadali pano, dziko lomwe lili ndi titaniyamu wochuluka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi Australia, ndikutsatiridwa ndi China. Kuphatikiza apo, Russia, India ndi United States alinso ndi zinthu zambiri za titaniyamu. Koma miyala ya titaniyamu yaku China si yapamwamba kwambiri, choncho ikufunikabe kutumizidwa kunja kochuluka.
Makampani a Titaniyamu, ulemerero wa Soviet Union
Mu 1954, Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union adaganiza zopanga makampani a titaniyamu, ndipo mu 1955, fakitale ya VSMPO ya magnesium-titanium yolemera matani chikwi inamangidwa. Mu 1957, VSMPO idalumikizana ndi fakitale ya zida za ndege ya AVISMA ndikukhazikitsa VSMPO-AVISMA titanium industry consortium, yomwe ndi yotchuka ya Avi Sima Titanium. Makampani a titaniyamu a dziko lomwe kale anali Soviet Union akhala akutsogola padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira pomwe adakhazikitsidwa, ndipo adalandira cholowa chonse ku Russia mpaka pano.
Avisma Titanium ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, lopangidwa ndi mafakitale ambiri a titaniyamu. Ndi bizinesi yophatikizika kuyambira pakusungunula zida zopangira zida za titaniyamu, komanso kupanga zida zazikulu za titaniyamu. Titaniyamu ndi yolimba kuposa chitsulo, koma kutentha kwake ndi 1/4 yokha yachitsulo ndi 1/16 ya aluminium. Pogwiritsa ntchito kudula, kutentha sikophweka kutayika, ndipo kumakhala kosagwirizana kwambiri ndi zida ndi zipangizo zopangira. Nthawi zambiri, ma aloyi a titaniyamu amapangidwa powonjezera zinthu zina zowunikira ku titaniyamu kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zosiyanasiyana.
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a titaniyamu, dziko lomwe kale linali Soviet Union linapanga mitundu itatu ya aloyi a titaniyamu pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Imodzi ndi yokonza mbale, ina ndi yokonza mbali zina, ndipo ina ndi yokonza mapaipi. Malinga ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, zida za titaniyamu zaku Russia zimagawidwa kukhala 490MPa, 580MPa, 680MPa, 780MPa mphamvu. Pakalipano, 40% ya zida za titaniyamu za Boeing ndi zoposa 60% za titaniyamu za Airbus zimaperekedwa ndi Russia.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-24-2022