Aloyi Wolimbana ndi Corrosion
Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mkuwa, chromium ndi molybdenum. Ili ndi katundu wabwino wokwanira ndipo imalimbana ndi dzimbiri zosiyanasiyana za asidi komanso kuwonongeka kwa nkhawa. Ntchito yoyambirira (yopangidwa ku United States mu 1905) ndi nickel-copper (Ni-Cu) alloy, yomwe imatchedwanso Monel alloy (Monel alloy Ni 70 Cu30); kuonjezera apo, nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) aloyi (ndiko kuti, nickel-based heat-resistant alloy) , ma aloyi omwe sagwira kutentha kwa kutu muzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri), nickel-molybdenum (Ni-Mo) aloyi (makamaka amatanthauza mndandanda wa Hastelloy B), ma aloyi a nickel-chromium-molybdenum (Ni-Cr-Mo) (makamaka amatanthauza mndandanda wa Hastelloy C), ndi zina zambiri.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, nickel yoyera imayimiranso ma alloys osagwirizana ndi nickel-based corrosion. Ma aloyi osamva dzimbiri opangidwa ndi faifewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zolimbana ndi dzimbiri monga petroleum, mankhwala, ndi mphamvu yamagetsi.
Nickel-based based corrosion-resistant alloys nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi austenite. Mu chikhalidwe cha olimba njira ndi ukalamba mankhwala, palinso intermetallic magawo ndi zitsulo carbonitrides pa austenite masanjidwewo ndi malire a mbewu aloyi. Ma aloyi osiyanasiyana osamva dzimbiri amagawidwa malinga ndi zigawo zake ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi awa:
Kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa Ni-Cu alloy ndikwabwino kuposa faifi tambala pochepetsa sing'anga, ndipo kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri ndikwabwino kuposa mkuwa wa oxidizing sing'anga. Zida zabwino kwambiri za ma asidi (onani Kuwonongeka kwa Zitsulo).
Ni-Cr alloy ndi aloyi wa nickel-based heat-resistant alloy; izo makamaka ntchito oxidizing sing'anga zinthu. Imalimbana ndi kutenthedwa kwa okosijeni ndi kutentha kwa mpweya wokhala ndi sulfure ndi vanadium, ndipo kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri kumawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa chromium. Ma alloys awa amakhalanso ndi kukana bwino kwa hydroxide (monga NaOH, KOH) dzimbiri komanso kukana kupsinjika kwa dzimbiri.
Ma alloys a Ni-Mo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochepetsa kuwonongeka kwapakati. Ndi imodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zopangira dzimbiri kukana kwa hydrochloric acid, koma pamaso pa okosijeni ndi okosijeni, kukana kwa dzimbiri kumachepa kwambiri.
Ni-Cr-Mo(W) aloyi ali ndi katundu wa Ni-Cr aloyi tatchulazi ndi Ni-Mo aloyi. Makamaka ntchito pansi pa chikhalidwe cha makutidwe ndi okosijeni-kuchepetsa osakaniza sing'anga. Ma aloyi oterowo amakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri pa kutentha kwa hydrogen fluoride, mu hydrochloric acid ndi hydrofluoric acid mayankho okhala ndi okosijeni ndi okosijeni, komanso mu gasi wonyowa wa chlorine firiji. Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu alloy imatha kukana nitric acid ndi sulfuric acid corrosion, komanso imakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri mumitundu ina ya oxidative-reductive mix acid.